حل الفصل الثالث المعرفة المالية بالإنجليزي أول ثانوي مسارات الفصل الأول

Sample answer: People save money to handle emergencies, make planned purchases, achieve goals such as education or buying a home, invest for the future, and avoid relying on debt.

Answers will vary.

Sample answer: A burger generally cost much less in 2000 than it does today. The exact prices depend on the restaurant and burger chosen; comparing the same product in both years shows how inflation raises prices over time.

Answers will vary.

2019 is the better choice based on the graph alone. The graph shows deflation of about 2% in 2019, while inflation was positive in 2020. Prices would therefore have been under less upward pressure in 2019. A real house-buying decision would also compare house prices, mortgage rates, and income.

Saudi Arabia’s largest exports are crude petroleum and other oil-related products. Non-oil exports are also growing.

1. a. true. Inflation is an increase in the general price level over time.
2. c. crude petroleum. The CPI basket represents typical consumer purchases; crude petroleum is not one of its listed categories.
3. c. imported goods. GDP measures production within the country, not imported production.
4. b. false. Falling GDP generally means the country is producing fewer goods and services.
5. a. “The purchasing power of a Riyal does not change over time” is incorrect; inflation reduces its purchasing power.

A household may budget for rent or a mortgage, electricity, water, internet and phone service, food, transport, insurance, debt payments, and regular maintenance.

Actual spending may differ because prices change, variable expenses rise or fall, unexpected needs occur, or a person chooses to spend differently from the estimate.

Sample answer: The figures are realistic only if they match the student’s actual income and habits. Other possible expenses include transport, school supplies, gifts, personal care, medical costs, subscriptions, and charitable giving.

Answers will vary.

Sample answer: I would reduce entertainment spending first because it is usually a want, while lunches are a need. I could still lower lunch costs by preparing food at home.

Answers will vary.

1. What could SAR 960 buy? It could help pay for a device, course, emergency expense, or part of a larger purchase.
2. Continue saving? Yes. Keeping the money saved and adding to it would support a larger goal.
3. Is it enough each year? That depends on the goal and deadline. If the target costs more, increase weekly or monthly savings after checking the budget.

Answers will vary.

1. c. creating a financial plan. A budget uses estimated income and expenditure; recording actual figures is needed for later comparison.
2. b. false. A plan guides spending but cannot guarantee that a person will not overspend.
3. a. rent. Rent is normally fixed; electricity, food, and entertainment can vary.
4. b. false. If savings plus expenses exceed income, spending must be reduced, savings adjusted, or income increased.
5. a. Decide what luxury item you want. The sound process begins with available money, the saving percentage, and affordable spending choices.

Sample answer: Yes. I keep receipts and record income, spending, and savings so I can check my budget, find mistakes, and make better financial decisions.

Answers will vary.

1. If monthly expenses rise by 8%, enter each new amount as old amount × 1.08. The spreadsheet recalculates total expenses and reduces the remaining amount available for saving.
2. If the car price rises by 10%, the new saving target is old car price × 1.10. The additional money needed is old car price × 0.10.

1. a. true. Safe, secure storage protects records from fire and other damage.
2. b. They can be hacked. Hacking is a risk of electronic records, not a disadvantage of paper records.
3. c. manual writing of logs. Spreadsheets are used for data entry, analysis, and calculations.
4. a. true. Passwords help prevent fraud and protect private information.

Sample answer: My personal goals are to complete my education, develop useful career skills, stay healthy, and eventually own a home.

Answers will vary.

Sample answer: My long-term goals are to complete higher education, build a stable career, own a home, and save consistently for retirement.

Answers will vary.

1. Is income growing? Compare current income with earlier periods and calculate both the amount and percentage increase.
2. How are spending habits changing? Separate needs from wants, identify new buying patterns, and check whether upcoming purchases are immediate or long-term.
3. Who depends on the income? List each dependent, any contribution that person can make, and expected needs.
4. What goals need to be added? Include new goals such as college costs or retirement planning, with a target amount and timeline.

Answers will vary according to the person’s financial situation.

Sample answer: Add a college-education goal if tuition or living costs will be needed, and begin a retirement goal as soon as regular income allows. Each goal should have an estimated cost, saving target, and timeline. Update the plan whenever personal or family goals change.

Answers will vary.

1. b. false. Financial planning is a medium- to long-term process.
2. d. paying for tuition. Paying tuition is the financial goal supporting the personal goal of getting a college education.
3. a. purchasing a new phone. This is normally a short-term goal, not an intermediate goal.
4. a. true. A target is a measurable action or milestone with a completion time.

Lesson 3.1

1. Basket of goods and services — f
2. Consumer Price Index (CPI) — d
3. Inflation — b
4. Purchasing power — c
5. Retail price — a
6. Time value of money — e

Lesson 3.2

1. Charitable giving — b
2. Fixed expenses — d
3. Mortgage — a
4. Variable expenses — e
5. Variances — c

Lesson 3.3

1. Electronic records — b
2. Manual records — c
3. Spreadsheet software — a

1. Financial goals — g
2. Financial plan — d
3. Intermediate goals — h
4. Long-term goals — e
5. Pension — c
6. Personal goals — a
7. Short-term goals — b
8. Timeline — f

1. What is inflation? Inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services over time.
2. What is purchasing power, and how is it affected by inflation? Purchasing power is the amount of goods and services money can buy. It falls as inflation raises prices.
3. What is GDP, and why compare it over several years? GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country. Comparing it over time shows whether the economy is growing or shrinking; it should be adjusted for inflation to distinguish real growth from price increases.

1. What is a budget, and why update it monthly? A budget is a plan for income, spending, and saving. Monthly updates replace estimates with actual figures and help improve future plans.
2. Why is estimating income the first step? Available income sets the maximum amount that can be allocated to expenses and savings.
3. Fixed versus variable expenses: Fixed expenses remain about the same each period, such as rent. Variable expenses change with use, prices, or choices, such as electricity or entertainment.
4. Why must a budget be balanced? Total expenses and savings must equal total income so the plan is realistic and does not depend on unplanned debt.
5. How can an unbalanced budget be corrected? Reduce expenses, lower or reschedule savings for a goal, increase income, or combine these actions until outflows equal income.

1. Why is good record keeping important? It provides accurate evidence of income, spending, saving, and assets, supports budgeting, helps detect errors, and protects important financial information.
2. What is the purpose of a financial plan? It links personal goals to financial goals, targets, and timelines so a person can manage money toward future objectives.
3. Give one document gathered in Step 1. A current bank statement shows account balances and transactions and helps establish the person’s present financial position.
4. How do goal terms differ? Short-term goals are expected within one week to one year; intermediate goals within the next two to five years; long-term goals more than five years from now.

1. b. Your standard of living will increase if your pay rise is higher than the inflation rate.
2. b. false. Inflation increases, rather than decreases, the general price level.
3. a. true. GDP growth generally accompanies greater production and more jobs.
4. b. false. A budget plans current or future income, expenses, and savings; it is not merely a record of last year’s earnings.
5. b. paying past expenses. A budget plans current expenses, medium-term purchases, and future savings such as pensions.
6. d. allowance. An allowance is income, not an expense.
7. b. false. Manual records are hard-copy records kept using pen and paper.
8. d. the speed at which comparisons can be made. This is an advantage of electronic records.

1. a. true. Correct spreadsheet formulas automatically calculate results and eliminate arithmetic errors.
2. c. to save for a car. Saving for a car is a potential financial goal.
3. b. false. Personal goals state what you want to achieve; financial goals explain how you will pay for them.
4. c. a birth certificate. It is an identity document, not a financial document used to assess finances.

1. Should Abdullah create a personal budget? Yes. A budget would show his income, necessary expenses, discretionary spending, and possible savings. It would reveal how much he can save regularly for an apartment without harming essential needs.
2. Manual or electronic records? Electronic records are preferable because they are easy to update, search, calculate, compare, and back up. Abdullah should use a password-protected spreadsheet or reputable budgeting app and keep a current backup.
3. Will SAR 100,000 be enough in five years? Not necessarily. If the needed down payment costs SAR 100,000 today, inflation will probably raise the target. For example, at 3% annual inflation, the future cost is approximately 100,000 × 1.03⁵ = SAR 115,927. Abdullah should estimate the expected inflation rate, revise the target annually, and save more than SAR 100,000 to provide a margin.